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Geometry

Volume of a sphere

Four thirds pi r cubed: the space inside a ball.

V=43πr3
HemisphereV=23πr3

Calculator

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r = 6
  • Volume = ⁴⁄₃πr³ = 904.78
  • Surface area = 4πr² = 452.39 (four times the area of a great circle)

What the symbols mean

V
the volume
r
the radius: centre to surface

When to use it

Use it for balls, bubbles, planets, ball bearings, scoops and spherical tanks. Solve for r to get the size of a sphere holding a given volume. Doubling the radius multiplies the volume by 8.

Worked example

A ball has a radius of 6 cm. What is its volume? (r = 6)

  1. Start from the formula.

    V=43⁢π⁢r3
  2. Substitute r = 6 and work it out.

    V=43⁢π·63
    =43⁢π·216
    ≈904.779

Answer V ≈ 904.78 cm³

Why it works

Archimedes showed that a sphere fills exactly two thirds of the cylinder that just contains it. That cylinder has volume πr2×2r=2πr3, and two thirds of it is 43πr3.

Common mistakes

  • Squaring the radius instead of cubing it.
  • Using the diameter as r, which gives eight times the volume.
  • Mixing it up with the surface area 4πr2.